Deadly E-Scooter Fire in France: Reims Apartment Engulfed by Battery Explosion

Battery-Powered Time Bombs? Fire-Safe E-Mobility After the Reims Tragedy

Shattered glass and screams at 4 a.m. That's how it started in Reims, France on June 7, 2025. A teenager had jumped from a 10th-floor window, desperate to escape the inferno consuming his home. The fire had ignited in a neighboring apartment where a family's electric scooter was charging overnight.

In just minutes, what began as a small battery fire transformed into what firefighters later described as an "extremely violent" blaze. The toll: four lives lost, two teenagers and an elderly mother and son. Twenty-eight others injured. Three hours of brutal firefighting against one of the most challenging fire types we face: lithium-ion battery in thermal runaway.

I've pulled people from burning buildings for over 20 years. I've seen what fire does to homes, to families, to communities. But these new battery fires? They're a different beast entirely. Faster. Hotter. More unpredictable. And increasingly common as e-bikes and e-scooters flood our cities.

The Reims tragedy hits hard because I know exactly how preventable it was. You don't have to give up your e-mobility freedom to stay safe. But you absolutely need to understand what's sitting in your hallway, quietly charging, and how quickly it can turn deadly without the right precautions.

Let me walk you through what really happens in these fires, why they're different, and the concrete steps that could save your life.

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Understanding Lithium-Ion Battery Fires: Not Your Grandpa's House Fire

When I started in the fire service, a burning building followed predictable patterns. We had time to assess, attack, ventilate. Battery fires changed all that.

Extreme Heat Release

A lithium-ion battery doesn't just burn; it undergoes "thermal runaway." Imagine dominos falling, but each domino burns twice as hot as the last one. Temperatures rocket to 1,000°F or higher in seconds.

Here's a comparison that might hit home: Your kitchen oven on self-clean reaches about 900°F. A lithium battery in thermal runaway gets hotter than that, and it's happening inside a plastic scooter parked by your front door.

I remember a garage fire in Oakland last year. When we arrived, the concrete floor had actually cracked from the heat of a burning e-bike. The owner said it went from "a little smoke" to "complete inferno" in under two minutes.

Explosive Gas Release

These batteries don't just create flames; they release highly flammable and toxic gases that accumulate, then ignite suddenly. In Reims, this explosive force blew apartment walls into the hallway, blocking escape routes.

I've seen this myself after a battery failure in a mall charging station. The explosion blew the kiosk apart and embedded plastic shards in drywall 20 feet away. By sheer luck, it happened after hours when no one was nearby.

Water Resistance

One dangerous myth: treating these fires like any other. You can't. Water helps cool the area around a battery fire but often can't stop the chemical reaction happening inside the cells.

We learned this lesson the hard way. Early in the e-bike boom, we'd hit these fires with water and think we'd knocked them down, only to get called back hours later when they reignited. Now we know better, but homeowners often don't.

Speed of Development

With traditional house fires, you typically get 3-5 minutes to escape before conditions become unsurvivable. Lithium battery fires can cut that time in half or worse.

In Reims, witnesses reported the fire spreading from one apartment to multiple floors in less than two minutes. By the time many residents woke up, their escape routes were already compromised.

Reignition Risk

Even when a lithium battery fire appears extinguished, it can reignite hours or even days later. We've had to station fire watches at battery fire scenes for 24+ hours to monitor for reignition.

After a major e-scooter warehouse fire in Phoenix, we thought we had it under control by noon. At 8 p.m., with crews just doing final checks, three scooters suddenly reignited simultaneously. That's how treacherous these fires can be.

The statistics tell the story: According to NFPA data, lithium-ion battery fires from e-bikes and e-scooters have increased by over 200% in some urban areas since 2022. New York City alone saw more than 100 significant fires traced to lithium-ion batteries in 2024, causing 13 deaths.

Anatomy of an E-Scooter Battery Failure: What's Actually Happening?

Let's pull back the curtain on what's inside that battery pack under your scooter. Understanding this helps explain why proper safety measures matter so much.

An e-scooter battery isn't a single unit but a collection of smaller battery cells, often hundreds, connected together. Each cell contains:

• A positive electrode (cathode)
• A negative electrode (anode)
• A separator keeping them apart
• Electrolyte fluid that allows ions to move between electrodes

When everything works right, lithium ions flow back and forth between electrodes during charging and discharging. But several things can disrupt this process:

Physical Damage

I once responded to a call where a college student had taken a spill on his e-scooter. The scooter seemed fine, so he brought it inside and plugged it in. Three hours later, his apartment was in flames. The impact had damaged internal components that weren't visible from the outside.

Even a seemingly minor drop can create tiny internal breaks in the separator. These breaks eventually allow the positive and negative sides to touch, creating an internal short circuit.

Manufacturing Defects

Quality control matters enormously with batteries. Cheap or counterfeit batteries often lack critical safety features like proper cell isolation or thermal fuses.

The battery in the Reims fire was reportedly from an uncertified manufacturer. Post-fire investigation found it lacked basic thermal runaway protection that would have been required by European safety standards.

Overcharging

Good battery management systems prevent overcharging, but cheap or damaged systems might allow cells to charge beyond their safe voltage.

I've investigated fires where people used mismatched chargers, like charging a scooter with a laptop power adapter because "the plug fit." This bypasses crucial safety limitations and almost guarantees eventual failure.

Age and Degradation

Even good batteries have a lifespan. After hundreds of charge cycles, internal resistance increases, making the battery work harder and generate more heat during normal operation.

A three-year-old battery charging in a warm environment is a significantly higher risk than a new battery charging in a cool space. Yet most users treat them identically.

Environmental Stress

Extreme temperatures stress battery components. Charging a very cold battery too quickly can lead to "lithium plating," where metallic lithium forms on the anode and eventually creates shorts.

I've seen this happen after people bring scooters inside from freezing temperatures and immediately plug them in. The battery can seem fine for weeks before suddenly failing.

The typical failure sequence happens like this:

1. Initial trigger event (physical damage, manufacturing defect, etc.)
2. Internal short circuit in one cell
3. Rapid heat generation in that cell
4. Heat spreads to adjacent cells
5. Thermal runaway begins as multiple cells reach critical temperature
6. Casing ruptures, releasing flammable gases
7. Gases ignite, creating visible fire
8. Fire spreads to surrounding materials

From trigger to full-blown fire can take anywhere from minutes to seconds depending on the battery's condition and failure type.

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Warning Signs You Can't Ignore: Your Battery Is Talking to You

Most battery fires don't strike without warning. Your device usually gives signs that something's wrong, if you know what to look for:

Physical Changes

• Swelling or bulging: If your battery pack looks puffy or the case seems distorted, that's gas building up inside from chemical degradation. Stop using it immediately.
• Discoloration: Yellow stains on a white battery case or darkening of the exterior can indicate overheating or electrolyte leakage.
• Damaged casing: Any cracks, dents, or punctures compromise the battery's safety envelope.
• Leaking: Any moisture or residue coming from the battery is a serious warning sign.

I recently helped a neighbor who noticed his e-bike battery case looked slightly expanded. He thought it was "probably fine" since it still worked. When we carefully disconnected it and moved it outside, the center cells were hot to the touch, even though the bike hadn't been used that day. That battery was hours or days away from potential failure.

Behavioral Red Flags

• Shorter run time: If your scooter suddenly gets half the range it used to, the battery might be degrading unsafely.
• Inconsistent charging: Battery won't charge fully, charges too quickly, or the charger gets unusually hot.
• Performance issues: Unexpected power loss, stuttering acceleration, or cutting out during rides.
• Charger problems: If your charger makes unusual noises, feels too hot, or has a damaged cord, replace it immediately with an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) version.

A food delivery rider I met through safety outreach told me his e-bike started "acting funny" on hills, losing power momentarily before surging back. He kept using it for two more weeks until the battery caught fire while charging. The performance issues were the battery cells beginning to fail under load.

Environmental Indicators

• Unusual odors: A strong chemical smell, burning plastic odor, or sweet/fruity smell can indicate electrolyte venting.
• Sounds: Hissing, popping, or crackling from the battery compartment is never normal.
• Excessive heat: If the battery is too hot to touch comfortably during charging or use, disconnect it immediately.
• Smoke or vapor: Any visible emissions from the battery pack require immediate action.

In the Reims fire, neighbors later reported smelling "a strange electrical burning" odor in the hallway the evening before the fire, but no one investigated or reported it. This isn't uncommon; people often dismiss unusual smells or sounds, especially in busy buildings.

If you notice any of these warning signs, here's what to do:

1. If the device is charging, unplug it immediately.
2. Move the device away from flammable materials if safe to do so.
3. Take it outside if possible, placing it on concrete or dirt.
4. Monitor from a safe distance.
5. If you see flames, smoke, or hear sounds, call emergency services immediately.

Trust your instincts. I've never met a fire victim who didn't say they noticed something unusual before the fire but talked themselves out of worrying about it.

The NFPA 6-Point Safety Plan for E-Mobility

The National Fire Protection Association has developed comprehensive guidelines for lithium-ion battery safety. Here's their 6-point plan adapted specifically for e-scooters and e-bikes:

1. Purchase Wisely

• Buy devices and replacement batteries only from reputable manufacturers.
• Look for safety certifications like UL 2272 for e-scooters and UL 2849 for e-bikes.
• Verify that chargers are manufacturer-approved and carry appropriate certification marks.
• Avoid "bargain" batteries from unknown sources, which often lack critical safety features.

I can't stress this enough: no discount is worth your safety. A $100 savings on an uncertified battery can cost you your home or worse. I've seen too many fires traced back to aftermarket batteries purchased online without proper safety certifications.

2. Charge Safely

• Charge in a location away from exits, never in hallways or near doorways.
• Charge on hard, stable, non-flammable surfaces.
• Never charge unattended, especially overnight.
• Unplug once charging is complete; don't leave continuously connected.
• Keep charging areas clear of flammable materials (paper, fabric, etc.).
• Use only the charger designed specifically for your device.

Had the family in Reims followed even this one guideline, not charging overnight, four people might still be alive today. It's that simple and that important.

3. Store Properly

• Store e-scooters and e-bikes away from living areas when possible.
• Never store in common hallways, under stairs, or near exits.
• Keep batteries at room temperature; avoid extreme heat or cold.
• For long-term storage, maintain batteries at about 40-60% charge, not fully charged or depleted.
• Consider a fire-resistant storage bag or container for smaller batteries.

I've responded to building fires where scooters stored in hallways not only caught fire but blocked the escape route for other residents. The dual threat of ignition source and obstacle makes this particularly dangerous.

4. Maintain Regularly

• Inspect batteries monthly for damage, swelling, or leaks.
• Clean battery contacts carefully with a dry cloth.
• Check charging cables and ports for damage or debris.
• Follow manufacturer guidelines for battery replacement schedules.
• Keep firmware and battery management software updated.

Most people are better about maintaining their cars than their e-mobility devices, yet both can create life-threatening situations if neglected. Set a monthly reminder to give your scooter or e-bike a quick safety check.

5. Dispose Properly

• Never throw lithium-ion batteries in regular trash or recycling.
• Use designated battery recycling programs or facilities.
• For damaged batteries, check with local hazardous waste authorities for guidance.
• Discharge batteries to about 30% before recycling when possible.
• Tape battery terminals before transport to recycling facilities.

We've had several garbage truck fires in our district caused by improperly disposed batteries. Once a battery is punctured by compaction equipment, the reaction is almost instantaneous. Proper disposal isn't just good for the environment; it protects waste management workers.

6. Prepare for Emergencies

• Install working smoke alarms near charging areas.
• Keep a fire extinguisher rated for electrical fires (Class C) accessible.
• Consider a fire blanket designed for high-temperature fires.
• Create and practice an evacuation plan with your household.
• Know how to report a battery fire to emergency services (specify lithium-ion involvement).

I keep a high-quality fire blanket near my own home charging station. Early intervention with the right equipment can mean the difference between a scary incident and a tragic one.

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Setting Up a Fire-Safe Charging Station

Creating a dedicated charging area for your e-mobility devices is one of the most effective preventive measures you can take. Here's how to set one up:

Location Selection

The ideal charging location should be:

• Away from sleeping areas
• Not blocking any exits
• On a non-flammable surface
• Well-ventilated
• Visible and accessible during the day
• Protected from extreme temperatures
• Away from other flammable materials
• Not in a garage near gas cans, propane, or other fuels

A covered porch, dedicated utility room, or garage workbench with a fire-resistant surface can work well. Avoid bedrooms, hallways, and living rooms.

I've helped several people set up charging stations in their homes. One solution I like is repurposing a metal workbench with a concrete board top surface. It's affordable, fireproof, and can be set up in a garage or covered outdoor area.

Essential Equipment

Your charging station should include:

• Surge protector with circuit breaker protection
• Timer switch to prevent overcharging
• Smoke detector directly above the charging area
• Fire extinguisher rated for electrical fires (Class C)
• Fire blanket designed for high-temperature fires
• Metal or fire-resistant charging surface
• Clear signage marking the area

The fire blanket is particularly important because it can be deployed quickly by anyone, regardless of strength or mobility. Look for blankets with standards like UL 94-2016 V-0 rating or EN 1869:2019 certification.

Layout Guidelines

• Mount chargers and cables off the floor to prevent trip hazards and damage.
• Keep at least 3 feet of clearance around the charging device.
• Position devices so battery compartments face away from walls and other items.
• Store the owner's manual and battery specifications nearby.
• Post emergency shutdown procedures visibly.
• Label all chargers if you have multiple devices.

The layout matters more than people realize. I've seen fires where flammable materials stored too close to a charging station turned a small battery fire into a whole-garage blaze in minutes.

Monitoring Options

• Basic timer switches that cut power after a set duration
• Smart plugs that can be controlled and monitored remotely
• Temperature monitoring sensors that alert you to overheating
• Wi-Fi-enabled smoke detectors for alerts when you're away
• Security cameras that let you visually check on charging devices

For about $100-150, you can set up a basic charging station with all the essential safety features. That's a small investment compared to the potential cost of fire damage or the priceless value of your family's safety.

Special Considerations for Multi-Unit Buildings

Apartment dwellers face unique challenges when it comes to e-mobility safety. The Reims tragedy highlights how one person's unsafe charging practices can endanger an entire building.

Unique Risks in Multi-Unit Dwellings

• Shared walls mean fires can spread more easily between units
• Limited evacuation routes, often a single hallway or stairwell
• Ventilation systems can spread smoke throughout the building
• Higher occupant density means more people at risk
• Longer evacuation times from upper floors
• Potential for multiple devices charging in close proximity

I worked with a property manager after a serious battery fire in their complex. The fire originated in unit 103 but caused smoke damage in 14 other units. The financial and human impact extended far beyond where the fire started.

Working with Landlords and Property Managers

Many buildings are now implementing e-bike and e-scooter policies. Here's how to navigate these:

• Request clear guidelines from your property manager about where charging is permitted
• Suggest designated charging areas in secure, monitored locations
• Propose basic safety infrastructure like fire extinguishers in common areas
• Share educational resources about battery safety with management
• Comply with any building policies regarding device storage

If your building doesn't have policies yet, consider these approaches:

• Form a tenant committee to develop suggested guidelines
• Share information about insurance implications of unsafe charging
• Propose a phased approach to improving safety infrastructure
• Reference policies from similar buildings that have successfully implemented rules

Some tenants worry about seeming like troublemakers, but in my experience, most property managers are grateful when residents proactively address safety concerns before incidents occur.

Community Approaches to Shared Charging

Some forward-thinking buildings are creating shared charging stations with:

• Monitored charging lockers in garage areas
• Power-limited charging stations that prevent overcharging
• Check-in/check-out systems for tracking devices
• Thermal cameras or heat sensors for early detection
• Fire suppression systems specifically for battery fires

I visited an apartment complex in Seattle that converted a former bike storage room into a dedicated e-mobility charging area. They installed fire-rated wall materials, overhead sprinklers, and a specialized ventilation system. Residents book charging time through an app, which prevents overcharging and tracks which devices are present.

Evacuation Planning for Vertical Environments

Living in a multi-story building requires special evacuation planning:

• Know all exit routes from your floor
• Have a plan for getting downstairs quickly if elevators are disabled
• Keep pathways to doors clear at all times
• Consider purchasing emergency escape ladders if you're on lower floors (typically useful up to the 3rd floor)
• Identify neighbors who might need assistance evacuating
• Establish meeting points outside the building
• Practice your evacuation plan regularly

If you hear a fire alarm, smell smoke, or hear unusual sounds from a neighbor's e-mobility device, don't hesitate to call emergency services. In the Reims incident, earlier intervention might have contained the fire before it spread beyond the initial apartment.

Fire Protection Tools: What Works (and What Doesn't)

Not all fire protection equipment is created equal when it comes to lithium-ion battery fires. Here's what you should know:

Fire Blankets for Early Intervention

Fire blankets can be highly effective for containing small battery fires before they spread, but you need the right type:

• Look for blankets specifically rated for high-temperature fires (at least 1000°F/538°C)
• Standards to look for include UL 94-2016 V-0 rating or EN 1869:2019 certification
• Larger sizes (at least 40" x 40") provide better coverage for e-mobility devices
• Practice deployment so you can act quickly if needed

Using a fire blanket correctly:

1. Pull the tabs to release the blanket
2. Shield your hands with the blanket edges
3. Approach the fire from a low position
4. Cover the burning device completely, starting from the edge farthest from you
5. Seal the edges to cut off oxygen
6. Leave in place for at least 30 minutes
7. Call emergency services even if the fire appears extinguished

I keep a high-quality fire blanket within arm's reach of my home charging station. The key is having it accessible enough to grab quickly but not so close that a fire would prevent you from reaching it.

Specialized Extinguishers

Not all fire extinguishers work on lithium-ion battery fires:

• Traditional ABC extinguishers can help control surrounding fires but may not stop the battery reaction
• Class D extinguishers (for metal fires) are somewhat effective but not ideal
• Water can help cool the battery but won't extinguish the chemical reaction
• New lithium-ion specific extinguishers are emerging but not yet widely available

If using an extinguisher:

1. Maintain safe distance
2. Aim at the base of visible flames
3. Focus on preventing fire spread rather than extinguishing the battery itself
4. Be prepared for reignition
5. Ventilate the area if possible

I've seen too many people get too close to battery fires with standard extinguishers, thinking they'll work like they do on conventional fires. The extreme heat and potential for explosive gas release makes distance crucial.

Detection Systems

Early warning is critical with battery fires:

• Thermal detectors can spot overheating before flames appear
• Gas detectors sensitive to hydrogen and other battery gases provide earliest warning
• Standard smoke detectors work but give less advance notice
• Smart detectors that alert your phone can protect your home when you're away

The extra minutes provided by early detection can make all the difference. In one apartment fire I responded to, residents credited their evacuation to a neighbor's smart smoke detector that alerted them before their own alarms activated.

Why Conventional Methods Often Fail

Understanding the limitations of traditional fire protection is important:

• Sprinkler systems can help control spread but rarely extinguish battery fires
• Oxygen deprivation (smothering) is less effective because batteries contain their own oxidizers
• Many fire-resistant containers aren't rated for the extreme heat of lithium fires
• Conventional fire barriers may not withstand the explosive force of battery deflagration

The most effective approach combines prevention, early detection, containment tools, and a solid evacuation plan. No single tool can guarantee safety.

Regulations and Standards: Current State and Future

The regulatory landscape for e-mobility devices is still developing, with significant gaps that contributed to the Reims tragedy.

Current Certification Requirements

When purchasing devices, look for these certifications:

• UL 2272 - Safety standard for hoverboards and e-scooters
• UL 2849 - Safety standard for e-bikes
• UL 2054 - Safety standard for household batteries
• UN 38.3 - Transport testing requirements for lithium batteries
• CE Marking - Required for products sold in European Economic Area

For fire blankets specifically, standards include:

• UL 94-2016, V-0 - Flammability standard
• EN 1869:2019 - European standard for fire blankets
• BS EN 1869:1997 - British standard for fire blankets
• AS/NZS 3504:2006 - Australian/New Zealand standard

Certification vs. Compliance Claims

Be wary of products claiming to be "certified" without specifying which standards or providing proof. True certification requires:

1. Laboratory testing by accredited facilities
2. Documentation of test results
3. Regular audits to maintain certification

Many products claim compliance without actually being tested. Always ask for certification documentation if it's not clearly provided.

When I speak at community safety events, I bring examples of real vs. fake certification markings to show people. The differences can be subtle, but learning to spot them could save your life.

Pending Legislation

Several jurisdictions are working on stronger regulations:

• The EU Battery Regulation 2027 will require sustainability declarations and enhanced safety features
• France has drafted new decrees on charging infrastructure requirements following the Reims incident
• The US Consumer Product Safety Commission is developing new standards for micromobility devices
• Some cities are implementing storage and charging restrictions in multi-unit buildings

What to Look for When Purchasing

Until regulations catch up, protect yourself by checking:

• Battery certification from recognized testing laboratories
• Manufacturing date (batteries degrade even in storage)
• Warranty terms and safety guarantees
• Charging system safeguards like overcharge protection
• Clear safety instructions and warning labels
• Company history and reputation

The family affected in the Reims tragedy had purchased their e-scooter from an online marketplace that didn't verify product safety certifications. The battery lacked basic thermal protection features required by European standards.

Advocating for Stronger Protections

You can help improve safety standards by:

• Reporting unsafe products to consumer protection agencies
• Supporting legislation for stricter battery safety requirements
• Encouraging property managers to develop clear charging policies
• Sharing information about safety standards with your community
• Demanding transparency from manufacturers about certification

Action Plan: Fire-Safe E-Mobility in 5 Steps

Let's break this down into manageable steps you can take right now to protect yourself and your loved ones:

Step 1: Today (Immediate Safety Audit)

• Unplug any devices that are currently charging unattended
• Move charging devices away from exits, furniture, and flammable materials
• Check all batteries for damage, swelling, or unusual heat
• Verify that smoke detectors near charging areas are working
• Make sure everyone in your household knows how to disconnect chargers safely

Step 2: This Week (Equipment and Information)

• Purchase a suitable fire blanket rated for high-temperature fires
• Get a proper fire extinguisher if you don't have one
• Download and print emergency procedures for battery fires
• Read your device's manual for specific safety guidelines
• Research proper recycling options for your area

Step 3: This Month (Infrastructure Improvements)

• Set up a dedicated charging station following the guidelines above
• Install additional smoke detectors if needed
• Consider thermal monitoring for charging areas
• Develop and practice a home evacuation plan
• Photograph devices and batteries for insurance purposes

Step 4: Ongoing Maintenance

• Inspect batteries monthly for signs of damage or degradation
• Replace damaged chargers or cables immediately
• Follow manufacturer-recommended replacement schedules
• Keep charging areas clean and clear
• Update your emergency plan as needed

Step 5: Community Engagement

• Share safety information with friends who use e-mobility devices
• Discuss charging policies with neighbors in multi-unit buildings
• Advocate for designated charging areas in your workplace or apartment complex
• Report unsafe products or practices to appropriate authorities
• Stay informed about recall notices for your specific devices

Essential Equipment Checklist:

• High-temperature fire blanket
• Class C fire extinguisher
• Smoke and heat detectors
• Timer switch for charging
• Non-flammable charging surface
• Battery inspection tools (flashlight, temperature gun)
• Emergency contact information posted visibly

I implemented these steps in my own home after investigating my first major e-bike fire. The peace of mind alone is worth the modest investment of time and money.

Conclusion: Freedom on Two Wheels, Safely

E-scooters and e-bikes have transformed urban mobility, offering freedom, convenience, and environmental benefits. The Reims tragedy doesn't mean we should abandon these technologies, but it serves as a powerful reminder that innovation must be balanced with safety.

The four lives lost in that apartment building weren't claimed by bad luck or unavoidable disaster. They were lost to preventable mistakes and knowledge gaps that we can all learn from.

By understanding the unique risks of lithium-ion batteries, recognizing warning signs, following expert guidelines, and having the right safety equipment, you can enjoy all the benefits of e-mobility while protecting what matters most.

Take the first step today by downloading our free Safe-Charge Checklist and sharing it with others in your community. Together, we can prevent another Reims from happening.

Resources and Further Reading

• NFPA Lithium-Ion Battery Safety
• Fire Safety Research Institute Battery Energy Storage System Fire Hazards
• EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542
• Associated Press Report on the Reims Fire
• Fire Blanket Safety Standards
• Safe Charging Station Setup Guide
• Fire Blanket vs. Fire Extinguisher Comparison
• When to Use a Fire Blanket in an Emergency
• Emergency Fire Blanket Options